SCIENCE AND MATH CONCEPTS

Electrostatic Potential The electrostatic potential at any point in an electric field is equal to the amount of work done per unit positive test charge or in bringing the unit positive test charge from infinite to that point, against the electrostatic force without acceleration. Electrostatic potential is a state dependent function as electrostatic forces are conservative forces. 2. Electrostatic Potential Difference The electrostatic potential difference between two points in an electric field is defined as the amount of work done in moving a unit positive test charge from one point to the other point against of electrostatic force without any acceleration (i.e. the difference of electrostatic potentials of the two points in the electric field). where, is work done in taking charge q0 from A to B against of electrostatic force. Also, the line integral of electric field from initial position A to final position B along any path is termed as potential difference between two points in

Motion in a Straight Line Introduction Motion is one of the significant topics in physics. Everything in the universe moves. It might only be a small amount of movement and very-very slow, but movement does happen. Even if you appear to be standing still, the Earth is moving around the sun, and the sun is moving around our galaxy. “An object is said to be in motion if its position changes with time”. The concept of motion is a re’ live one and a body that may be in motion relative to one reference system, may be at rest relative to another. There are two branches in physics that examine the motion of an object. (i) Kinematics: It describes the motion of objects, without looking at the cause of the motion. (ii) Dynamics: It relates the motion of objects to the forces which cause them. • Point Object If the length covered by the objects are very large in comparison to the size of the objects, the objects are considered point objects. • Reference Systems The motion of a parti