SCIENCE AND MATH CONCEPTS

Average formula:   Let a 1 ,a 2 ,a 3 ,......,a n  be a set of numbers, average = (a 1  + a 2  + a 3 ,+......+ a n )/n Fractions formulas:   Converting an improper fraction to a mixed number: Formula for a proportion:   In a proportion, the product of the extremes (ad) equal the product of the means(bc),  Thus, ad = bc Percent:   Percent to fraction: x% = x/100 Percentage formula: Rate/100 = Percentage/base Rate: The percent.  Base: The amount you are taking the percent of. Percentage: The answer obtained by multiplying the base by the rate Consumer math formulas:   Discount = list price × discount rate Sale price = list price − discount Discount rate = discount ÷ list price Sales tax = price of item × tax rate Interest = principal × rate of interest × time Tips = cost of meals × tip rate Commission = cost of service × commission rate Geometry formulas: ...

Distance  and  speed  are scalar quantities, as they are fully described by magnitude with no reference to direction. ...  Velocity  can be thought of as  speed  with direction. The  formula  for  speed  is change in  distance  divided by change in time. The  formula  for  velocity  is change in displacement divided by change in time. Speed is directly proportional to distance when time is constant:  v  ∝  s  ( t  constant) Speed is inversely proportional to time when distance is constant:  v  ∝ ⅟ t  ( s  constant) Combining these two rules together gives the definition of speed in symbolic form. v  =  s t Speed  is the rate of change of  distance  with time. Velocity  is a  vector quantity  that refers to "the rate at which an object changes its position." Velocity is a vector quantity. The av...

  acceleration  is the  rate  of change of  velocity  of an object with respect to time.  An object's acceleration is the net result of any and all  forces  acting on the object, as described by  Newton's Second Law . The  SI  unit for acceleration is  metre per second squared   (m s −2 ).  Accelerations are  vector  quantities (they have  magnitude  and  direction ) and add according to the  parallelogram law . [2] [3]  As a  vector , the calculated net  force  is equal to the product of the object's mass (a  scalar  quantity) and its acceleration. For example, when a car starts from a standstill (zero relative velocity) and travels in a straight line at increasing speeds, it is accelerating in the direction of travel. If the car turns, an acceleration occurs toward the new direction. Average acceleration An object's average acceleration over a...